What Is Cloud Computing?

Cloud deployment models determine how cloud services are implemented and utilised. There are three primary types of cloud deployment:

Public Cloud

Public clouds are owned and operated by third-party cloud service providers, which deliver computing resources such as servers and storage over the internet. Major public cloud providers include Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform. Public clouds are ideal for organisations that require a cost-effective solution with high scalability and flexibility, as resources are shared among multiple users.

Private Cloud

Private clouds are dedicated to a single organisation, providing a higher level of control and security. These clouds can be physically located at the organisation’s on-site data centre or hosted by a third-party service provider. Private clouds are suitable for businesses with strict regulatory requirements or those needing enhanced security and performance.

Hybrid Cloud

Hybrid clouds combine public and private clouds, allowing data and applications to be shared between them. This model provides businesses with greater flexibility and more deployment options, optimising existing infrastructure, security, and compliance. Hybrid clouds are beneficial for organisations that require a balanced approach to data management and application deployment

Cloud computing services are typically categorised into three main types:

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

IaaS provides virtualised computing resources over the internet. It offers businesses fundamental IT resources such as virtual machines, storage, and networks on a pay-as-you-go basis. IaaS allows organisations to scale their infrastructure according to their needs without investing in physical hardware. Examples of IaaS providers include AWS EC2, Microsoft Azure, and Google Compute Engine.

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

PaaS delivers a platform that allows developers to build, deploy, and manage applications without worrying about the underlying infrastructure. PaaS includes tools and services for application development, such as operating systems, middleware, and runtime environments. It simplifies the development process and reduces the time to market. Popular PaaS offerings include Google App Engine, Microsoft Azure App Service, and AWS Elastic Beanstalk.

Software as a Service (SaaS)

SaaS provides access to software applications over the internet on a subscription basis. These applications are hosted and managed by the service provider, eliminating the need for businesses to install and maintain software locally. SaaS applications are accessible from any device with an internet connection, making them highly convenient for users. Examples of SaaS include Microsoft Office 365, Google Workspace, and Salesforce.

As businesses move their operations to the cloud, security becomes a paramount concern. Cloud security involves a set of policies, technologies, and controls designed to protect data, applications, and the associated infrastructure. Key aspects of cloud security include:

Data Encryption

Data encryption ensures that information is encoded and can only be accessed by authorised users with the correct decryption key. Both data at rest (stored data) and data in transit (data being transmitted) should be encrypted to protect against unauthorised access.

Identity and Access Management (IAM)

IAM systems help manage and control user access to cloud resources. By implementing strong authentication and authorisation mechanisms, businesses can ensure that only authorised individuals have access to sensitive information and applications.

Compliance and Regulatory Requirements

Cloud service providers often adhere to industry standards and regulations to ensure data security and privacy. Organisations must choose providers that comply with relevant regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), and the Australian Privacy Principles (APPs).

Regular Security Audits

Regular security audits and assessments are essential to identify vulnerabilities and ensure that cloud security measures are effective. Businesses should work with their cloud providers to conduct these audits and implement necessary improvements.